The Emotional, Spiritual, And Psychological Effects On...

Through the emotional, spiritual, and psychological effects children experience during a divorce, spiritual distress and uncertainty, fears of commitment and abandonment, and disassociation from relationships manifest themselves in these children. Approximately one million children experience a parental divorce every year (Warner et al), experiencing a variety of positive and negative consequences. Since divorce causes the couples’ pain, they may become absorbed with their own problems, though they continue to be the most significant characters in their children’s lives (â€Å"Divorce and Children†). Through the lens of divorce, the journey of maturity acquires a distinct difference in experiences. As the journey begins, the family must make its way through the vast river of emotion and confusion, pondering the future family dynamic and accepting the uncertainty of the situation. Whittingham expertly directs a scene in Parenthood’s episode â€Å"You’ve Got Mold,† which the parents tell their two children the father will be moving out of the house. After briefly explaining the reason for the separation and telling the children they love them, the eleven-year-old boy sits in shock while the nine-year-old girl (Sydney) objects through tears, â€Å"No, no, you can’t do this. We’re a family. You can’t go.† Though the parents contribute to the education of their children by explaining the circumstances and plans of the divorce, Sydney identifies the destruction of a supposedly permanentShow MoreRelatedStruggling with grief and loss can lead to a number of serious physical and emotional ailments. In700 Words   |  3 Pagesphysical and emotional ailments. In the article â€Å"Death from a Broken Heart,† Dulce Zamora wrote about experiencing the strain of stress, emotional overload, and poor self-care after a death. The article highlighted the fact that grievers are at higher risk for health problems. Studies have shown, as the article discussed, that surviving spouses may also have increased odds of suffering from heart disease and emotional problems. This project acknowledged the physical and emotional trauma from dealingRead MoreHomelessness and Childhood Development Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter understand, prevent and reverse the effects of homelessness on children. â€Æ' Homelessness is a widespread issue that in recent years has only worsened with the downturn in the economy and a never-ending war. Of this very vulnerable population however there is within an even more vulnerable population, the children affected by homelessness. We as a society need to understand why homelessness in childhood happens, and understand how drastically it effects children’s development overall. We must gainRead MoreThe Effects Of A Family System During Development945 Words   |  4 PagesThe positive effects of a family system during development versus the adverse effects of not having a family system during development. Mary Bowen developed the Family Systems Theory, which is based on the premise that inter-and intra-relational patterns are transmitted from one generation to the next (Martin, 2014). Bowen believes that the goal of achieving positive well-being is to find the balance between achieving personal autonomy and individuation while maintaining appropriate closeness withRead MoreTrauma And The Effects On Neural Development834 Words   |  4 Pagesmental, behavioral, and emotional problem. Wright (2011), explains that when children experienced trauma, they no longer perceive that our world as safe, and, the effects of trauma can be mild, moderate, or, severe depending on the child’s personality, culture, spiritual beliefs, or, the meanings they give to the event itself (p. 190-191). Trauma and the Effects on Neural Development In Bremner’s (2007) article, he states that â€Å"Traumatic stress has a broad range of effects on brain function and structureRead MoreFamily Systems Essays1286 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Family Systems and Healthy Development Liberty University Family Systems and Healthy Development In today’s world, families are dynamic and interdependent systems. The developmental processes of the children in the family are deeply affected by how the family system operates. However, a family’s structure does not determine whether it is a healthy family system or not. Today, families consist of single parents, stepparents, divorced parents, remarried parents, grandparentsRead MoreEssay On Siblings Of Chronicly Ill Children1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmethod of this meta-analysis gave greater insight regarding how siblings of chronically ill children cope with respect to internalization, externalization, and self-attributes. While the psychological impact of a chronic illness is not as measurably significant as the impact on the chronically ill child, it is substantial. Internalization is more often exhibited than externalization. This is explained as children did not wish to place more of a burden on the family than was already felt and/or becauseRead MorePalliative Care for Children Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesCare for Children: Enhancing the Quality of Life for a Child with a Life-Threatening Illness Melissa Spitler English Composition 2 Instructor Barckholtz May 17, 2010 Palliative Care for Children: Enhancing the Quality of Life for a Child with a Life-Threatening Illness â€Å"Each year in the USA about 500,000 children are coping with life-threatening illnesses† (Huang et al., 2010). The standard of care for children living with life-threatening conditions is vital for these children as wellRead MoreThe Lasting Effects Of Trauma On A Person s Body Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagesto have mental or emotional difficulties usually for a long time (Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 2015). From a medical perspective, trauma is described as severe damage to a person s body. Trauma can be caused by multiple factors in a person life. Trauma could stem from a distressing experience of a physical or psychological nature. In recent years’ major natural disasters and acts of terrorism have become more prominent and devastating, creating long-lasting traumatic effects in individuals livesRead MoreA Brief Note On Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Health1590 Words   |  7 PagesAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience social dis advantages which significantly impacts their physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual and social health. This essay analyses the impacts of the social determinants of health such as socioeconomic status, early life and psychological distress to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health which causes the wide gap in the social disadvantages experienced by the Indigenous community. According to the assessment of a ProductivityRead MoreThe Lasting Effects Of Trauma On A Person s Body957 Words   |  4 Pagessomeone to have mental or emotional problems usually for a long time (Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 2015). From a medical perspective, trauma is described as severe damage to a person s body. Trauma can be caused by multiple factors in a person life. Trauma could stem from a distressing experience of a physical or psychological nature. In recent years’ major natural disasters and acts of terrorism have become more prominent and devastating, creating long-lasting traumatic effects in individuals lives

Management Issues Literature Review and Report - 2073 Words

Management Issues: Literature Review and Report Introduction Motivation is important to keep the employees committed towards their job responsibilities and dedicated towards the corporate wide objectives of their organization. It is one of the core functions performed by the Human Resource Department of an organization. There are different management techniques which can be used by organizations to motivate their employees. These techniques include monetary or financial rewards and non-monetary or non-financial rewards. Monetary rewards are the extrinsic factors of motivation. These rewards include salary, bonuses, periodic or performance based increments, cash rewards, discounted product or service packages, and other financial benefits. On the other hand, non-monetary rewards include all those intrinsic factors that do not involve money; for example performance appraisal, promotion to higher job positions, greater responsibilities, job rotation, etc. Both these types of rewards are given by organizations to motivate their employees and keep them committed towards their job responsibilities. The Literature is full of the researches carried out on different motivational factors and techniques which organizations from all over the world use in different situations. The purpose of this paper is to critically review some recent research studies which compare different motivational techniques and discuss their usefulness and efficacy for the business organizations.Show MoreRelatedOutline Leadership Practice Issue1336 Words   |  5 PagesPractice Issue Introduction The leadership issue that I would love to discus in an upcoming research is the ophthalmic wards management. Every healthcare unit has an outpatient and inpatient section (Department of Health and Children, 2008). In patients live in wards and their welfare depends on the hands of ophthalmic nurses and practitioners. Therefore, the manners in which the wards are managed reflect directly on the healing and response to treatment of patients in the wards. The issue of choiceRead MoreSustainable Supply Chain986 Words   |  4 PagesManufacturing Strategy | AbstractIn this interim report, motive for doing this topic has been discussed and further, the methodology which will be used to reach the conclusion is also been mentioned. Finally, expected takeaway are also been highlighted. Kuldeep Jain - 1401083 Term Paper – Interim Report | Role of reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chain in sustainability Implementation Manufacturing Strategy | AbstractIn this interim report, motive for doing this topic has been discussedRead MoreDevelopment Of Human Resource Management Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pages Literature Review â€Å"Thirty-two years of development of human resource management in China: Review and prospects† (Shuming Zhao, Juan Du, 2012) is a journal paper that concentrating on the hypothetical advancements and practical applications of HRM, it first audits the move of HRM in China from planned labor force allocation to current HR management in three particular eras since China s reformation and opening-up. After, it analyzes and discusses the difficulties of human resource management researchRead MoreNurse Knowledge Exchange ( Nke ) At The Bedside During Shift Change1489 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation from one nurse to another nurse. According to studies, nursing reports at the bedside have positive results such as improved communication among nurses and patient, nurse and patient satisfaction, safety, decreased overtime and improve nurse patient relationship etc.(Maxson, Derby, Wrobleski and Foss, 2012; Tan, 2015; Sand-Jecklin, and Sherman, 2014). This paper outlines an implemen tation plan that describes a current issues that requires change, the method of obtaining approval and securityRead MoreThe Impact Of A Poor Communication Climate On The Workplace Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesThis study will include a formal and comprehensive review of literature to provide a basis for the research. The literature review will consist of theoretical perspectives and previous research findings related to the communication climate in the workplace. The review will provide a focus for the study and to report the important concepts and data related to the attitudes and behaviors in the workplace. The review will include an overview of the behaviors, conflict resolution, and educating leadershipRead MoreResearch On Social Enterprises And Innovation1374 Words   |  6 PagesOnce decide the interest topic which are social enterprises and innovation culture, and start the wide rage of literature reviews. The rage of literature review in this stage include: social enterpri ses journals, the challenge of social enterprises, design management journals and review, design strategy etc. As well as books of social enterprises and design and innovation etc. Literature review section will extend until stage2 and stage3. In terms of case studies, the cases focus on Europe area especiallyRead MoreAdvances And Development Of Tourism : A Literature Of Review1476 Words   |  6 Pages Advances of Technology in Tourism: A Literature of Review Introduction Technologies have influenced the growth and development of tourism industry in many ways. The issue that will be covered in this literature review is the advances of technology in tourism. The purpose of this literature review will explore the major opportunities for tourism service providers. The literature gathered from a variety of resources in particular areas of Internet and social media, innovation of technology inRead MoreChinese Management Styles968 Words   |  4 PagesGao Chinese management styles And Western management styles which method is more effective? A research proposal written for David Liu as part of Principles of Applied Menage ment by Yang yang ,Yao yue, Tang yuli and Wang mingyuan May 2011 1. Introduction 1.1 Topic 1.2 Reasons for choosing this topic 1.3 Background 2. Research Aim and Objective 3. Literature Review 4. Research Method 5. Key Assumption and Limitations Read MoreWorkforce Diversity: Samsung Electronics1427 Words   |  6 PagesWorkforce Diversity Samsung Electronics Table of Contents Chapter One 3 Introduction Chapter Two Literature Review 4 Sustainability Report 5 Forbes Insights 6 Reference 3 Chapter Three 7 Methodology Qual: Interview Qual: Survey Quant: FM Chapter Four 8 Discussion Chapter Five 10 Conclusion 11 Sources Introduction Samsung Electronics Co Ltd was founded in 1938 Seoul, Korea. The company has been around for decades, providing the world with â€Å"electronic products amp;Read MoreSelf Reported Pain And Pain Management Strategies Among Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury1593 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy. The variables of the study are the self-reported pain and pain management strategies. The study was gathered included a group of veterans with traumatic brain injury. The authors did an exceptional job in advocating interest in the reading as well as the title. The abstract was quite straight-forward; it incorporated information regarding the purpose of the pilot study in measuring self-reported pain and pain management strategies among veterans with traumatic brain injury in a post acute

Information System for Perky Pies Essay Sample free essay sample

This study provides an analysis of Perky Pies. a franchise organisation’s concern background and the jobs it faces in its supply concatenation direction. Furthermore the construct of supply concatenation direction was defined and the issues and benefits that consequences from implementing an information system in Perky Pies’ supply concatenation direction were outlined. A Supply Chain Management is a concern theoretical account which is integrated and takes a position of how all concern maps work together and besides the relationship a concern has with its providers and clients. The study finds that the chief issues the Perky Pies will confront when a supply concatenation direction information system is implemented are opposition from employees and internal stakeholders and besides the possibility of the system’s package to be incompatible with the company’s bing ERP systems. The benefits that could be reaped are better client satisfaction. a competitory advantage and a higher net income every bit good as the increased velocity of all supply concatenation activities. Hence. KGIS recommends that a supply concatenation direction information system where the system supports the supply concatenation direction activities by automatizing the trailing of the stock list and information both upstream. downstream every bit good as internally should be implemented so that the fulfillment. production. gross and net incomes are optimised within Perky Pies’ supply concatenation direction. This leads to customers’ satisfaction. better relationship with providers and besides the declaration of issues faced by the franchise organisation’s supply concatenation direction. The system’s specifications were outlined which covers the component hardware. package. informations. processs and people in the supply concatenation direction of Perky Pies. KGIS concludes that Perky Pies should implement an information system in their supply concatenation direction to decide the issues they face presently every bit good as to harvest more benefits. Introduction Harmonizing to Ireland and Webb ( cited in Fawcett. Magnan A ; McCarter 2008 ) . The strategic supply concatenation continues to be adopted by organisations as the medium for making and prolonging a competitory advantage. Such a supplanting is apprehensible sing the possible benefits of successful supply concatenation direction. Kathy Walters. proprietor of Perky Pies who realizes that that the franchise’s supply concatenation direction is faulty has approached KGIS to rectify the state of affairs. The intent of this study is to make and implement an effectual supply concatenation direction ( SCM ) system to decide the assorted jobs faced by Perky Pies. This study will extensively cover the background information on Perky Pies and the jobs encountered by Perky Pies. It besides focuses on the construct of supply concatenation direction ( SCM ) in relation to Perky Pies. issues that are encountered by Perky Pies if supply concatenation direction ( SCM ) information system is im plemented and the benefits that it can supply. The current tendencies and illustrations of SCM are besides covered in the study. The study besides constitutes of recommendation of a supply concatenation direction ( SCM ) information system for Perky Pies and the specifications of the system. Background Perky Pies is a franchise administration which sells a franchise for $ 20. 000 to those who are interested who so purchase pies from the administration for a set fee and sell them to clients. These pies are sold at subdivisions and shops set up based on a prescribed concern theoretical account. Perky Pies who found that the lunch period market is quickly spread outing. took the chance to sell epicure pie which are high in quality to eat on premises or to take away. Perky Pies besides found that clients are willing to pay higher monetary value for a healthy and rapidly obtained pie. Perky Pies’ merchandises are produced in a assortment of different spirits and are delivered to the subdivisions upon order petition. The centrally located commercial kitchen where the pies are produced receives the natural ingredients from its provider and store the stuffs at that place. The infrigidation units contains the appropriate ingredients while the remainder which do non necessitate infrigidation are stored in the next warehouse. Recently. Perky Pie’s cardinal office has been having increasing figure of ailments from their subdivisions sing the bringing of pies such as wrong Numberss. holds of orders and out of day of the month pies. Some of the pies supplied from the kitchen in Footscray were defrosted hence had to be thrown off. Besides. there are inordinate sum of points which needs infrigidation and this leads to wastage and/ or there is an inordinate production of some assortments of pies compared to others. These jobs lead to wastage of stock list and money. It is believed by the proprietor that the jobs have been caused by the rapid development of the concern and the deficiency of information system in upstream and downstream of the supply concatenation. Hence. Kathy Walters has approached KGIS necessitating advice on implementing an informatio n system on Perky Pies’ supply concatenation direction. Supply Chain Management Systems 1 The significance of SCM The Supply-Chain Council defines supply concatenation direction as â€Å" [ m ] anaging supply and demand. sourcing natural stuffs and parts. fabrication and assembly. repositing and stock list trailing. order entry and order direction. distribution across all channels. and bringing to the customer† ( Wisner. Leong A ; Tan 2005 ) . 2 Issues and Benefits Resistance from employees and internal stakeholders is one of the issues of implementing a SCM information system ( EPIQ Technologies 2012 ) . Employees tend to make what experience comfy to them therefore presenting a new system generates a negative perceptual experience to it from them. If the employees of Perky Pies garbage to alter their normal operating practises to accommodate the new information system. the operational public presentation will be negatively impacted ( Bayraktar et al. 2009 ) . EPIQ Technologies besides states that a SCM package might be incompatible with the company’s bing ERP systems. When faculties from different ERP systems are used. the full integrating of those faculties are prevented hence information entree every bit good as sharing of information can non be carried out between the faculties and sections ( Bayraktar et al. 2009 ) . If the system used by Perky Pies’ providers and its clients prevent information exchange. the operational efficiency is reduced in the whole supply concatenation. The benefits of execution of a SCM information system would be it guarantees the take parting companies better client satisfaction. a competitory advantage and a higher net income ( Marincas 2008 ) . These will be possible for Perky Pies because â€Å"the information system allows all information about demand. supply. fabrication. bringing. market status alterations between the supply concatenation members â€Å" . and this makes determination doing fast and efficient ( Marincas 2008 ) . Execution of an information system for SCM increases the velocity of all activities in a supply concatenation. Hence. the use of such a system in Perky Pies’ supply concatenation the bringing lead clip will be reduced. therefore guaranting stock list cuts. less re-work. higher quality. less overheads across the supply concat enation ( Marincas 2008 ) . 3 Current Trend and Example in SCM â€Å"RFID is an country of automatic designation that is deriving impulse and is considered by some to emerge as one of the most permeant computer science engineerings in history† ( Roberts 2006 ) . â€Å"As an electronic designation technique. RFID offers a possible solution to the item/object transparence jobs that have plagued supply ironss in the past† ( Coltman. Gadh. Michael 2008 ) . Wal-Mart utilises RFID where the employees are given a â€Å"hand-held computing machine which is linked to in-store terminuss through a wireless frequence web. These helped them to maintain path of stock list in shops. bringings and backup ware in stock at the distribution centres† ( Chandran 2003 ) . The RFID â€Å"tags can be read through a assortment of visually and environmentally ambitious conditions such as snow. ice. fog. pigment. dirt. inside containers and vehicles and while in storage† ( Roberts 2006 ) . Therefore. the tags twosome with the detectors can supp ly of import information on the province of the natural stuffs for the pies at the Perky Pies’ production warehouse and the refrigerated stuffs â€Å"can be monitored for temperature. job countries identified and dismaies raised† ( Roberts 2006 ) . Recommendations KGIS recommends a supply concatenation direction information system where the activities of the supply concatenation direction is supported by the system by enabling the mechanization of trailing of stock list and information upstream. downstream and internally. The information system designed could assist Perky Pies Organisation by optimizing the fulfillment where the right measure of pies is delivered to the subdivisions at the right clip without any hold. Besides. the production will be optimised so that the production lines function swimmingly and the quality of pies is ever high. The gross and net income are besides optimised so that Perky Pies will be able to forestall doomed of gross revenues because of deficient stock list. Overall. customer’s satisfaction is guaranteed and the issues faced by Perky Pies will be rectified. Rapid Application Development ( RAD ) attack should be used to develop the information system so that a feasible system can make in a short period o f clip. It involves extended engagement of the users in the analysis. design and development stages of the system instead than that of the programme developers. The RAD should imply the usage of ocular scheduling and the tools for patterning the user interface. the databases. and concern procedures of Perky Pies. A paradigm of the system is created which acts as a preliminary theoretical account of the major information system. For illustration. the paradigm shows sample study formats and when the existent system is developed the archetypal studies will be used as theoretical accounts for the existent system. The tools employed by RAD such as a database rapid application development tool. do the development of the system more nimble and flexible. therefore enabling the SCM information system to quickly adapt and alteration with the altering conditions and environment of Perky Pies. A pilot execution scheme will be used to change over the old information system used in Perky Pies’ supply concatenation direction to the new one developed by KGIS. This scheme requires merely a few employees to utilize the new information system for a fixed period of clip before the full supply concatenation uses it. Since the pilot execution scheme limits the exposure to merely a little part of Perky Piesà ¢â‚¬â„¢ SCM. if there are any jobs or bugs identified during the execution. they can be rectified or the system can be modified to extinguish those jobs.

Management and Laying Off Employees Strategy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Management and Laying Off Employees Strategy. Answer: Justifying the statement The statement that organizations that lay off employees frequently fail to improve their long-term performance is true and justified. As commented by McCord (2014), organizations become conservative with spending due to which layoffs seems to be extremely significant. Laying off talent is planned and executed by the business organizations in order to restore their financial resources. Laying off employees is a strategy undertaken by the business organization to save their financial resources by minimising the amount of salary paid to the employees as well as spending on the employees. The manner in which organizations lay off people can have a huge impact on their potential and current talent pool. Laying off talents signifies higher attrition rate of the employees. In certain instances, the organization might fail to recognize the talent and experience of the employees they require for the long-term benefit of the organization. Therefore, in order to save financial resources for sho rt-term purpose, the business organization fails to consider the long-term benefit of decreasing the attrition rate of the employees. According to Silzer and Dowell (2010), based on the current business and market situation, the business organizations lay off talents by terminating the experienced and skillful employees. However, the business organizations tend to consider the present prospects of the industry and sector, the business organization belongs to (Karren Sherman, 2012). Therefore, the business organizations fail to predict the future demands of the sector and industry and lay off talented employees that would provide a competitive advantage for the company in future. Thus, the organizations that lay off employees frequently fail to improve their long-term performance is absolutely justified. Impact of laying off talent on the management of the talent pool Talent lay off might have both positive and negative impact themanagement of the talent pool. As commented by Sobieralski and Nordstorm (2012), laying off talent provides an opportunity for the business organizations to save the financial resources based on the current market and business sector. However, on the other hand, laying of talent results in failure for the business organization to evaluate the future needs of the industry and sector. Therefore, themanagement of the talent pool seems to to be adversely affected. Based on the present scenario, themanagement terminates highly experienced and skilful employees that might be extremely beneficial for the business organization in the future. As commented by Davenport, Harris and Shapiro (2010), having those talented employees would also provide a competitive advantage for the business organization. However, in order to save the current financial resources of the company, laying off the talented employees hamper themanagement of t he talent pool. This is because in future the company has to again recruit and hire talented employees having required skills and experience for coping up with the current situation in the future. The business organization and the management might face troubles in the future in recruiting suitable employees and might incur additional financial charges for the business organization (Prasad, 2013). Therefore, the entire management of the talent pool will be disturbed and affected due to lack of talented, experienced and skilful employees for the business organization. Methods of evaluating employee performance The organizations use various methods of measuring the talents of the employees in order to ensure that they are not laying off talents that determine the future success of the organization. As commented by Bernardin and Wiatrowski (2013), behavioural checklist is one of the most widely used methods of measuring the employee talents. The behavioural checklist is a checklist of the behaviours that need to be followed by the employees. This is a valuable method used for measuring the employee talents, as having a professional and ethical behaviour is significant for the employees. According to ONeill (2010), organizational success is highly dependent on the behaviours of the employees, as this helps in maintaining positive environment both internally and externally. On the other hand, 360-degree feedback is another effective method used by the business organizations to measure the employee talents (Nowack Mashihi, 2012). The implementation of this method provides an opportunity for th e business organization to use a comprehensive look to evaluate and measure the talents and performance of the employees by pulling feedback from external sources. For using this method for measuring employee talent, the manager and the employee need to complete an assessment of the employee's work performance as well as technical skill set. Therefore, it can be concluded that effective measures need to be implemented by the business organizations to evaluate the talent of the employees in order to ensure that they are not laying off the talent that is most critical for the future success of the organization is essential. Impact of layoff on Model for Building Functional Expertise Model of building functional expertise is defined as the section or group of employees within the organization that holds special expertise and talents. These employees greatly determine the overall success of the organization along with providing them the competitive advantage, as they are the powerhouse of talent that the management utilises to sustain in the competitive market. However, the talent layoff has a huge impact on the model for building functional expertise. This is because laying off talent disturbs the model for building functional expertise. In order to save the financial resources based on the present market situation and demand, the management might lay off their talented employees that will be useful in the future (Davis, Trevor Feng, 2015). As a result, the organization might lose the talented people that would have been beneficial for them in the future. Moreover, in the future because of laying off talent the organization might not be able to find such skillful and experienced experts. Furthermore, the business organization might incur additional charges for the future recruitment and selection process in search of talented employees (Douthitt Mondore, 2014). This might be a major setback for the organization, as the time consumed by the organization for recruitment and selection will provide a competitive advantage for the competitors in the market and sector. References Bernardin, H. J., Wiatrowski, M. (2013). Performance appraisal. Psychology and Policing, 257. Davenport, T. H., Harris, J., Shapiro, J. (2010). Competing on talent analytics. Harvard Business Review, 88(10), 52-58. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database. Davis, P. R., Trevor, C. O., Feng, J. (2015). Creating a more quit-friendly national workforce? Individual layoff history and voluntary turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(5), 1434. Douthitt, S., Mondore, S. (2014). Creating a business-focused HR function with analytics and integrated talent management. People and Strategy, 36(4), 16. Karren, R., Sherman, K. (2012). Layoffs and unemployment discrimination: a new stigma. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(8), 848-863. McCord, P. (2014). How netflix reinvented HR. Harvard Business Review, 92(1), 71-76. Nowack, K. M., Mashihi, S. (2012). Evidence-based answers to 15 questions about leveraging 360-degree feedback. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 64(3), 157. O'Neill, H. (2010). New potential in reach for succession technology. Workforce Management, 89(8), 8. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database. Prasad, R. S. (2013). Green HRM-Partner in sustainable competitive growth. Journal of Management Sciences and Technology, 1(1), 15-18. Silzer, R., Dowell, B. E. (Eds.). (2010). Strategy-driven talent management: A leadership imperative. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Sobieralski, J., Nordstrom, C. R. (2012). An examination of employee layoffs and organizational justice perceptions. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 12(3/4), 11.

Foreigners In The Prague Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Foreigners In The Prague Essay, Research Paper Foreigners, who visit Prague, could be divided into three groups. The first 1s are visitants who go to Prague, because they want to see historical memorials and bask the spirit of an old town. The 2nd 1s are those who go to Prague, because they want to see different topographic points in the universe. Finally the 3rd 1s are those who go here merely because it? s so cheap here and want to acquire rummy and make stuff, they wouldn? T be allowed to in their state. Probably most welcomed visitants are those mentioned foremost. Largely they are older, polite people. They don? Ts do any problems here and largely merely pass their money. Those are visitants who help Prague the most, because they normally like it and pass tonss of money here. The best illustration could likely be an older twosome from the USA or EU, who went to Prague, because they heard how beautiful it is. We will write a custom essay sample on Foreigners In The Prague Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The 2nd group of visitants is still welcomed here, although they normally don? Ts have so much money. But in most instances they are polite and wear ? T cause many problems. Those people go here because they want to see some historical edifices, but at the flushing they want to hold some merriment. Those people likely are the portion on an eventide Praha now. Typical illustrations are immature people from abroad who want to go a batch while still holding merriment. The last and likely most despised aliens are those from the last, 3rd, group. Those are visitants who go to Prague merely to do problems or to acquire rummy. They are non welcomed at all, but on the other manus they normally spend a sensible sum of money to be tolerated in saloon or eating houses. But when they go someplace and do problems, they are welcomed marks of constabulary, because they can acquire tonss of money for destroyed belongings. Typical illustrations of such a people are groups of 17-25 old ages old cats from former East Germany. So from this point of position, most visitants of Prague are welcomed and good treated, even if they are non liked. But it? s all about money. If they have them, they can make virtually anything they want. That? s a existent universe.

Cry, Our Beloved Country Essays - Cry, The Beloved Country, Jarvis

Cry, Our Beloved Country Essays - Cry, The Beloved Country, Jarvis Cry, Our Beloved Country Cry the beloved country, by alan paton, is a book which tells the story of how james jarvis, a wealthy estate owner who, because of his own busy life, had to learn of the social degradation in south africa through the death of his only son. If arthur jarvis had never been killed, james jarvis would never have been educated by his sons writings, and stephen kumalo. When we first meet james jarvis, he knows little of his sons life. He doesn't know his son was on a kind of a mission(p. 140), And this is why when harrison says,...we're scared stiff at the moment in johannesburg.( p. 140) James is sort of surprised and says,of crime?(p. 140). Talking to harrison taught stephen about the crime in the city, and the next morning he learns about his son. One of the first things that james learns of his son, and his views, he learns in arthurs' room. In reading his writings, james finds that arthur would have risked anything to help other people, and ended up doing just that. James finds that his son was well researched on the problems of their society, and was interested in helping the development of the social structure in south africa. From the pictures of jesus and lincoln on his wall, james discovered the admiration arthur had for these two men. These were men of action, who showed love for their friends, and at the same time, their enemies. These two men suffered and died for their beliefs, as did arthur in a way, this is showing arthurs' father what a great man his son was by comparison, and similarity to others. This revelation shows arthurs concern for humanity. After the discovery of his sons views through all of his writings, james begins to realize the problem, and starts to think of the problems of others before his own. In this aspect, james begins to remind the reader of oscar shindler. This is so because shindler was one who at one time hated jews, but as he began to understand them, he thuoght of their troubles and how his wealth could save them. Much like shindler, jarvis helps the minority. Following his sons death and the acquaintance of stephen, james donates 1000 pounds to the african boys club. Jarvis is not just giving gifts in memory of his son, or just to give, but giving those who need help ways to help themselves. When james gave the money to the club, he didn't just decide to give it to them, but knew that if he gave it, the club would use it to improve the countrys' condition. In all of his donations, james uses this subtle method to emancipate the blacks. A way to help his son taught him. Using his sons views again, jam es decides to do something about kumalos' village, which is falling apart. This task is a fairly large one , and james does this in steps. He first provides milk for the village kids, who only have warm water to drink, and then he builds a church. The reason he decides to build a church is that when he is in ndotsheni it begins to rain, and he and stephen take shelter in the church, which leaks and is in need of repair. The rain in ndotsheni is a bit of foreshadowing of hope for the village, and maybe of what is to come. Through james' education, we learn the similarities between mr. Jarvis and kumalo. When we first meet jarvis, the setting is much the same as when we met stephen. They both live in the farming areas of south africa, and they share the love for the land, and what is in their lives. They each are married with one son who they know nothing about, and both are forced to come to terms with the guilt of the whites by the same occurance. After they both lose their sons, they have a need to understand them, although all that is left are the memories. They each learn of the problems in south africa through their sons, and after the realization, they both try to do something to improve

Film critiques on The Bad Sleep Well (Kurosawa, 1960) Essay

Film critiques on The Bad Sleep Well (Kurosawa, 1960) - Essay Example This opening goes a long way in setting the groundwork for the plot of the story, since the audience is shown a few facts about those involved with the wedding. We see that Tatsuo has threatened to kill Nishi and that Nishi has only married Keiko for the wealth and power of her family. All of this is revealed during a seemingly happy time, which sets the rest of the film up very well. The audience is also privy to Nishi seeking revenge for the death of his father. He blames corporate entities for this death, which is why he wants to show the world how corrupt the corporate world is in Japan. The main issue is that the corporation that he focuses on is owned by his father-in-law. At the same time, however, we see Nishi legitimately fall for his new wife, which makes it more difficult for him to reach his objectives. This part of the plot features similarities to Shakespeares Hamlet, as the protagonist, Hamlet, focuses on getting revenge on a family member for the death of his father. The ending of this film is a tragedy, similarly to Hamlet, since the protagonist dies while attempting to reach his goals. The main difference is that the villain in The Bad Sleep Well, Iwabuchi, does not die, while Hamlet’s villain, Claudius, does perish. Perhaps the main goal of this film is to create a social commentary on the state of Japan at that time. Those who were involved in the corporate world could get away with nearly anything, unless there was enough evidence to back it up. We see at the end of the film that even though Nishi and Wada were both murdered, everyone involved in the situations knows that no one will ever be convicted of the crime because there was not any firsthand evidence present. On the other end of the spectrum, we see lower level employees of this corporation feeling bound to the company. Wada, for example, would rather die than

Role of Social Systems Theory and the Family within Society Essay

Role of Social Systems Theory and the Family within Society - Essay Example The ideal should be to provide as good a practical service to clients as possible rather than the testing of ideas. Social systems theory is a method of understand various systems that humans interact with in an effort to provide answers for the problems of social functioning that may occur for both individuals and groups. Throughout the history of sociology there have been various attempts to construct what might be termed as a "grand theory" of human social interaction (Jokisch, 2001). Talcott Parsons was one of the first sociologists to offer a single theory. Parsons saw systems as an analytical tool to understand certain processes that were occurring within society. By contrast, e was followed up by the specific features of Niklas Luhmann, who first used the term social systems theory (Luhmann, 1995). Luhmann suggests that systems exist as a discrete entity that can and should be studied in and of itself. As Moeller et al. suggest, the originating point of nearly all social systems theory is that "it no longer holds that current society can be successfully based on the basis that it is (or should be) fundamentally humane, and that it is, on principle, an assembly of individual human beings" (Moeller, 2006). Thus social systems theory avoids the temptation to indulge in what may be seen as unfounded generalizations about the "nature" of human beings or far reaching conceptualizations that ignore reality. The basis of Luhmann's ideas is communication. He sees social systems as essentially systems of communication. A system is defined by a boundary between it and its environment, dividing it from a hopelessly complex and chaotic exterior. The systems is then, through simple logic, less complex and less chaotic than the exterior. Luhmann argues that if a system fails to maintain its identity, it cease to exist as a system and dissolves back into the overall environment from which it emerged in the first place. Elements are filtered by the system into some kind of organization within what Luhmann termed as autopoiesis, literally "self-creation", a term he borrowed from cognitive biology. Social systems are autopoietically closed as they use and rely upon resources from the environment, but these resources do not necessarily become part of the system's environment. With some reason, much of social systems theory has been criticized as rather remote and perhaps not too relevant to the actual world that human beings inhabit. The fact that the study of humans as discrete individuals is rejected by Luhmann et al. seems to lend support to these criticisms. As Weiner (1978) it might be difficult to associate such esoteric theories with their application within the resoundingly practical world of the delivery of human services to at need groups, families and individuals. But seeing society as a system, and one in which the constituent parts can be analyzed and perhaps even categorized according to similar types that have been discovered before is of use to the delivery of human services. Many societies may seem so utterly complex that the only method of dealing with them is on a case-by-case ad hoc basis rather than through some kind of systematic paradigm. Systems theory may help in answering a number of basic questions regarding human services. As Gardner (2003) suggest,

Nursing Theory - Transcultural Nursing Assignment

Nursing Theory - Transcultural Nursing - Assignment Example The research presents that it is more of a surface view of nursing without the practical application, the periscope view. Nursing practice is the fine tuning of all that has been studied and theorized into a microscopic view and applied to the reality of patient care. All three aspects of nursing are equally important and must continually be refined and researched to provide best practices for all patients everywhere. As the essay stresses there are three basic approaches to nursing theory which each describe the scope of nursing theory. Nursing knowledge is very similar to looking through a telescope; there are many conceptual theories which provide insight, however lack the empirical testing to prove them. Nursing as a discipline is considered a mid-range theory in that it somewhat bridges the gap between the grand theories and the actual nursing practice; much as looking through a periscope would provide a view for the world around us. Nursing as a professional practice gives the most in-depth view of all, providing practical solutions and information to help direct nursing interventions and outcomes, much like looking through a microscope. There are four basic paradigms that comprise a nursing theory: the person, the environment, the health, and the nursing. Each of these has associated with it various concepts, assumptions, and definitions. The view through the telescope takes the big picture , the Grand theory, and researches the concepts and constructs. This produces a proposition that connects the theory to knowledge gained, providing a surface view of the potential for nursing application. This proposition leads to a conceptual model which further defines and refines the practical application of this theory to give a microscopic view of the theory in action. (Current Nursing, 2011) The entire concept of nursing theory works as a circular phenomenon. Grand theories are postulated to improve nursing practice. It is for this reason that nursing research is ongoing to provide the knowledge and insight to help direct practice and effect outcomes. They predict and explain information that is crucial to outcomes that maximize potential for quality nursing care and cost effectiveness. They also help assess and improved practice by providing criteria for measuring outcomes and rationales for nursing practice. This research yields information, conclusions and recommendations f or practical nursing applications. (Life Nurses, 2009) Nursing knowledge is the bridge between the theory and practical applications of nursing. It is an area of common ground that helps give definition to the profession as distinguishing it from other professions. It provides the answer to â€Å"why† nurses perform certain actions, as well as â€Å"how† they do them. It allows nurses to question practices and redefine care to act based on criteria and rationale that have a sound base in nursing research. Nursing knowledge gives nurses

Influence of the Chinese in International Relations

Influence of the Chinese in International Relations When one refers to country like China the first thing which comes into mind is country of old civilisation and hard work. The word China or Shina in Chinese means the middle country and is pronounced as Zhon Ghua. It is in a reference to the Chinese faith that their state was the geographical epicenter of the earth and the oldest true evolution of humankind. One of the most noteworthy growths after the cold war is perhaps the rapid progress in Chinas economic potential and the subsequent national power it has begun to exert. Since the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 30 years ago, China has been the worlds fastest growing economies and emerged as a major economic trade power. The Chinese economy has been maintaining an average growth rate of about eight percent per annum for the last two decades. Today China has become the second largest economy in the world.  [1]  The concurrent modernisation of the Peoples Liberation Army would enable China to assert its perceived rightful place in near future, as the next super power after the United States of America. The late eighties in last century saw a lot of political and economic changes, Iran- Iraq war, unification of Germany and the rise of concept of European Union which itself was changing the world order. The most important of the event was disintegration of erstwhile Soviet Union in 1991 which resulted in disassembling of the bipolar formation. This resulted in emergence of a unipolar world which was totally dominated by the United States of America (USA). During the early nineties though the USA was sole super power in the world, China was seen as the potential to emerge as rising economic and military power who is going to bring bi/multi polarity in near future. Ever since its creation the Peoples Republic of China has sought to increase its power in relation to its regional neighbours and other international powers, especially the United States and the now defunct Soviet Union. It did not take long for the Chinese Communists to amply demonstrate their importance in regional and international stability with their intervention in the Korean War. As Chinas invasions of Tibet and Vietnam demonstrate its Communist regime will take military action when it considers it necessary. However to a large extent Chinas rise has been based upon avoiding military actions although it is not averse to causing regional and international instability. Whilst China has attempted successfully to become a major economic power it has not reduced its powerful armed forces, or stopped its support for rogue states and that does worry its neighbours, especially Taiwan. The realists who express concerns about the threat posed by Chinas rise claim it is potentially dange rous due to the decline of the United States and its own unpredictable foreign policy, not to mention its backing of countries that are also determined to undermine global stability.2 Chinas Growing Influence on International Relationship One of the greatest challenges the West now faces is how to get China, a habitual free rider, to pull its weight on international issues. Ever since the country reemerged as a great power in the last decade, the United States and Europe have courted it, hoping that if Chinas leaders felt they held a stake in the existing world order, they would work to sustain it. But things havent worked out that way. The recent Chinese hacker attack on Google, which underscored Beijings efforts to suppress information, was only the latest example of Chinas rejection of global norms. At the Copenhagen climate conference in December 2009, the countrys opposition to mandatory carbon cuts helped eviscerate an agreement. Economically, Chinas refusal to strengthen its currency is threatening the global recovery. On Iran, Beijing has repeatedly rebuffed the Wests call for tougher measures, putting its own interests (Tehran is one of its key energy suppliers) above nonproliferation. The more likely explana tion for the countrys obstreperousness is that despite its rise, China is no more comfortable with the Western-led international system now than it was 10 years ago. The Communist Party still openly rejects democracy and human rights, and U.S. leadership is viewed as a reality-but an illegitimate and unfortunate one. Yet the days when China can have it both ways-freeload on global public goods while enjoying international respect-are about to end. Disillusionment with its self-serving policies is setting in. As Google shows, even some multinational corporations are beginning to openly challenge Beijing, and many more are secretly applauding Googles defiance. Similarly, Western governments are cracking down, levying anti-dumping charges against Chinese exports and contemplating other retaliatory measures if Beijing keeps its current exchange-rate policy. Chinas image has also taken a beating because of its lack of cooperation on climate change. The Beijings response to any international problem has been, first we will help our self then we will help the world. The result is emerging tension between the international community and China. Become of the huge economic rise of China, she has become a truly global actor. Is Beijing ready for global leadership? Is a question which keeps haunting the international community. Chinas policy makers regularly point out that their foreign policy serves domestic goals of reform and development. The world wants China to do more while Beijing gingerly gropes its way forward with its newfound status, influence, responsibilities, expectations and constraints.4 China and South Asia: Implication on India Chinas increasing interest and engagement in South Asia, Including in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has been manifest in recent years. Indeed, the Chinese invariable asserts China is linked to South Asia by mountains and rivers. However, the Chinese occupation of Tibet and declaring certain parts of India and Bhutan as part of China raises suspicion over her influence in Asia. The twenty-first century has the potential to be known as the Asian Century. India and China are simultaneously gaining salience in the international relations. The unfriendly foreign approach of China especially, covert support of military and nuclear hardware to Pakistan, staple visas to Kashmir, growing military bases all around Indian border and unresolved border dispute has been seen as a threat to Indian peace and economic growth. How does India deal with growing influence of China in around its neighbouring countries? Is a big challenge for India. Statement of the Problem Post disintegration of erstwhile Soviet Union, the impressive rise of China as an economic and military power has resulted in changes to the unipolar world dominated by USA and lead to the formation of a bi/multi polar world. China has grown as great actor, in influencing international relationship. This paper seeks to analyse the effect of Chinas rise as an economic and military power and its role in the international relationship, including the impact on India. Justification of the Study The end of this century has seen sleeping dragon as phenomena, the rise of a major economic and military power of the world. She has already become the second largest economy in the world. The Chinas growth and its influence on economic powers of the world, its strategic collaboration with various countries have changed the new world order. China as an economic and military power has result in changes to the unipolar world dominated by USA and lead to the formation of a bi/multi polar world. Her status permanent member of the United Nation Security Council (UNSC), most power member of World Trade Organisation and Association of South East Asian Nation indicates her potential national power and influence on the international relationship. Considering the Chinas growing demand of Oil, food grains and natural resources, she is mainly dependent on Africa and littoral countries of Indian Ocean region. China understands the importance of geo-strategic position India in an Indian Ocean region and capability of India to choke the trade routes. Therefore China is influencing her relationship in South Asian region in a big way, by establishing military and economic bases in an around India. Hypothesis Post disintegration of erstwhile Soviet Union, the impressive rise of China as an economic and military power has resulted in a major impact on the growing influence of China on international relationship. The growing interest of China in Africa and South Asia, her perception of India as her potential competitor in new world order has great impact on her relationship with India. Scope The scope of the dissertation is intended to be limited as under: (a) Rising Red Dragon. In this section it is intended to analyse Chinas rising power as economic and military giant. (b) China and its influence on World. In this section, it is intended to study the various measures taken by China to influence international relationship, her positive or negative impact on world order, is she ready for global leadership? (c) Chinas impact in South Asia. In this section, it is intended to bring out the impact of Chinas rise as a super power in South Asia and her dependence of Indian Ocean region. (d) Sino-Indian Relationship. In this section, it is intended to analyse the impact of greater Chinese influence in South Asia on India, her strategy to keep the economic and military rise of India under her influence. Methods of Data Collection The information for this dissertation has been gathered through study of various books, periodicals and journals available at Defence Services Staff College (DSSC) library. Bibliography of the sources is appended at the end of the text. In addition the medium of INTERNET has also been exploited extensively to gather latest information on the subject. Organisation of the Dissertation It is proposed to study the subject under the following sections: (a) Introduction and Methodology. (b) Rise of Sleeping Dragon. (c) Chinas Growing impact on international relations in the new world order. (d) Chinese impact in South Asia. (e) Sino India relationship. (f) Conclusion.

Islam and Science Essay -- essays research papers fc

Islam and Science The 6th century Islamic empire inherited the scientific tradition of late antiquity. They preserved it, elaborated it, and finally, passed it to Europe (Science: The Islamic Legacy 3). At this early date, the Islamic dynasty of the Umayyads showed a great interest in science. The Dark Ages for Europeans were centuries of philosophical and scientific discovery and development for Muslim scholars. The Arabs at the time assimilated the ancient wisdom of Persia and the classical heritage of Greece, as well as adapting their own ways of thinking (Hitti 363). The Islamic ability to reconcile monotheism and science prooves to be a first time in human thought that theology, philosophy, and science were coordinated in a unified whole. Thus, their contribution was "one of the first magnitude, considering its effect upon scientific and philosophic thought and upon the theology of later times" (Hitti 580). One of the reasons for such development of science is probably due to God's commandment to explore the laws of nature. The idea is to admire all creations for its complexity and to cherish the creator for His ingenuity. Possibly holding to this belief, Islam's contributions to science had covered many roots of thought including mathematics, astronomy, medicine and philosophy. A common misconception today is that religion and science cannot coincide because they contradict each other. In the case of Islam, however, this statement has been disproven by verses in the Qur’an, hadeeth (prophetic tradition), and scientific discoveries by prominent Muslim philosophers. On the contrary, one of the traditions left by Prophet Muhammad teaches Muslims â€Å"to seek knowledge, though it be in China,† or not at arm’s length (Science in the Golden Age 8). Muslims are encouraged to use intelligence and observations to draw conclusions. Islamic civilizations, in fact, were the â€Å"inheritors of the scientific tradition of late antiquity. They preserved it, elaborated it, and, finally, passed it on to Europe† (Science: The Islamic Legacy 3). Much of Europe’s scientific resurrection can be attributed to the translations of over 400 Arab authors in the subjects of ophthalmology, surgery, pharmaceuticals, child care, and public health (Ts chanz 31). The fusion of both Eastern and Western ideas caused Islamic civilizations to thrive in a... ... were also religious scholars. Therefore, the evidence is clear that harmony exists between Islam and science. Works Cited Ahmed, Shabbir. Why I Am Not a Christian. Lauderhill: Galaxy Publications, 1999. Bucaille, Maurice. â€Å"The Qur’an and Modern Science.† The Origin of Man. Jan 2001. 9 Mar 2005. . Hitti, K.Phillip. History of the Arabs.New York: St. Martins Press, 1970 Holy Qur'an. Trans. M. H. Shakir. Elmhurst, NY: Tahrike Tarsile Qur'an, n.d.. Ibrahim, I.A. A Brief Illustrated Guide to Understanding Islam. 2nd ed. Houston: Darussalam, 1997. King, A. David. Islamic Mathematical Astronomy .London: Varioum Reprints, 1986. Lunde, Paul. â€Å"Science in the Golden Age.† Aramco World Magazine. 1986. Lunde, Paul. â€Å"Science: The Islamic Legacy.† Aramco World. 1986: 3-13. Osler, Sir William. The Evolution of Modern Medicine. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1921. Sirasi, G. Nancy. Avicenna in Renaissance Italy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987. Tschanz, David W. â€Å"The Arab Roots of European Medicine.† Aramco World. May/June 1997: 20-31. Zahoor, A. and Z. Haq. â€Å"Qur’an and Scientific Knowledge.† 9 March 2005. http://www.quran.org.uk/ieb_quran_scientific_knowledge.htm.

Humanities Baroque Essay

Dramatic religious paintings were being made Literature was being written in a way that it will be memorable. The King James version of the Bible had major impacts on the arts. It was finished in 1611 and was considered to be the most important change in English literature and printing (Ryken). It was set to transform the entire English language and keep the emotional influence. â€Å"The new translation of Scripture preserved the spiritual fervor of the Old Testament Hebrew and the narrative vigor of the New Testament Greek† (Fiero 62). The King James Version was a big part of the Baroque period because it was a piece of literature that had heightened emotional words and could actually be understood correctly by the reader. In Baroque artwork, viewers can visualize the emotional impact the painting has. Everything is in action and the painting is like shot in the middle of what’s going on. In Caravaggio’s The Crucifixion of Saint Peter, everything is painted right in the middle of the crucifixion. Saint Peter is not even up yet but in the middle of getting there. The painting is activated and has complex movements. Gravity has a very powerful pull in this picture as well. Viewers can see the emotion in Saint Peter’s face that he is scared but brave. Caravaggio made sure to tell a story in this painting with emotion since you see a poor, innocent, and homeless looking man being crucified. Everything from the guy’s dirty feet and bottom who hoisting up Saint Peter is basically sticking out to the viewer’s face. The three men do not show there face as they crucify Saint Peter and it adds mystery as to who would do such an act. Everything from the nails in Saint Peter’s hands to the dirt on their feet is very real and descriptive. Light is also emphasized in this painting as well because of the black background. The Baroque period and its artwork gave out real emotion while the action is happening. All the tension in one painting is thrown into the viewers’ faces (Fiero). Music in the Baroque period surrounded itself with rhythm, melody, terraced dynamics, texture, and basses. Composers would express emotions and affection in their music and broke away from the Medieval times by using vocal and instrumental music. A famous composer in the Baroque period was Johann Sebastian Bach. He used to mainly do church music but then developed a more musical potential for the concerto form. The best composed song in his career was called The Art of Fugue. â€Å"A fugue is a polyphonic composition in which a single musical theme is restated in sequential phrases† (Fiero). Baroque music brought in emotions and even listeners who don’t even understand the brilliance composition of Bach, can grow a love for his music just listening to it. The Baroque period brought in emotion to everything like literature, paintings, and music. It forever changed literature and the English language for people to understand it better and are able to be moved by the words in text instead of just reading it.

Free Essays on Noah And The Flood

The Great Flood or Just Scattered Showers? â€Å"So God said to Noah, â€Å"I am going to put an end to all people, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. I am surely going to destroy both them and the earth. So make yourself an ark of cypress wood; make rooms in it and coat it with pitch inside and out† (Genesis 6: 13-15). â€Å"You are to bring into the ark two of all living creatures, male and female, to keep them alive with you. Two of every kind of bird, of every kind of animal and of every kind of creature that moves along the ground will come to you to be kept alive† (Genesis 6: 19-20). â€Å"Seven days from now I will send rain on the earth for forty days and forty nights, and I will wipe from the face of the earth every living creature I have made† (Genesis 7: 4). For various reasons, many people today find the story of Noah’s Ark quite difficult to believe. From both believers in God and non-believers, there have been many objections to the credibility of the stor y of Noah and the Ark. For as long as the Bible has been in print, creationists and skeptics have debated the issue of a cataclysmic flood. Historical records from such ancient civilizations as the Chinese or the inhabitants of the Indus valley show no period of time where these civilizations were suddenly wiped out by a global flood, to be slowly repopulated later. There is simply no evidence whatsoever from archeology, geology or history, which indicate a worldwide flood that wiped out all but eight people. For many reasons the account of Noah given in the book of Genesis simply cannot be literally or historically true. One obvious problem results from the building of the boat itself. According to the Bible, the Ark had dimensions of 300 cubits by 50 cubits by 30 cubits tall. This is four times the size of any wooden ships constructed during the time period and is roughly the size of today’s oil tankers. It was not until the year 1... Free Essays on Noah And The Flood Free Essays on Noah And The Flood The Great Flood or Just Scattered Showers? â€Å"So God said to Noah, â€Å"I am going to put an end to all people, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. I am surely going to destroy both them and the earth. So make yourself an ark of cypress wood; make rooms in it and coat it with pitch inside and out† (Genesis 6: 13-15). â€Å"You are to bring into the ark two of all living creatures, male and female, to keep them alive with you. Two of every kind of bird, of every kind of animal and of every kind of creature that moves along the ground will come to you to be kept alive† (Genesis 6: 19-20). â€Å"Seven days from now I will send rain on the earth for forty days and forty nights, and I will wipe from the face of the earth every living creature I have made† (Genesis 7: 4). For various reasons, many people today find the story of Noah’s Ark quite difficult to believe. From both believers in God and non-believers, there have been many objections to the credibility of the stor y of Noah and the Ark. For as long as the Bible has been in print, creationists and skeptics have debated the issue of a cataclysmic flood. Historical records from such ancient civilizations as the Chinese or the inhabitants of the Indus valley show no period of time where these civilizations were suddenly wiped out by a global flood, to be slowly repopulated later. There is simply no evidence whatsoever from archeology, geology or history, which indicate a worldwide flood that wiped out all but eight people. For many reasons the account of Noah given in the book of Genesis simply cannot be literally or historically true. One obvious problem results from the building of the boat itself. According to the Bible, the Ark had dimensions of 300 cubits by 50 cubits by 30 cubits tall. This is four times the size of any wooden ships constructed during the time period and is roughly the size of today’s oil tankers. It was not until the year 1...

Review of Aristotle essays

Review of Aristotle essays There are several different types of friendship and within those types, there are different levels. One of the basic types is between the rich class and the poor class. It seems as if the wealthy need friends in order to share their possessions and belongs. After all, what good are money and material items without anybody to share them with? Those living near poverty need friends on a more desperate basis. They feel much more secure if they have friends to protect them when the road gets rough. (p. 688). When we travel about, we may see a man with many friends. Often times we tend to think of this man as well liked, or possible a noble man. This thought is derived from the amount of friends around him. For example, there are two men. One has a single friend beside him. The other has five friends around him. Most likely, we will think of the man with five friends to be more noble and well liked than the man with one friend. It is always good to have friends, after all, arent two brains better than one? However, we must watch how we chose our friends. The ideal friendship, also known as the perfect relationship, is based on love and affection. How we choose our friends is all together different. It is like the old saying, Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder. If we have a real friend we wish him well for his own sake, not for the conversations sake. This type of relationship is extremely rare; it takes two of a kind with similar interests and moral beliefs to form it. The beneficial relationship between friends is one that gives enjoyment, self-gain, and goodness to one party. It is often referred to as friendship based on utility (p. 690). In other words, we receive some type of pleasure out of it. This is a very unhealthy relationship and will, in time, degrade ones status if it becomes publicly known. In critiquing Aristotles work, ...

The Body of Lies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Body of Lies - Essay Example According to Hoffman, terrorists are now going back to traditional if not Stone Age technique of communication. Because of this fact, Hoffman has to rely more on Ferris’ operation and human intelligence. Roger Ferris met the head of the Jordanian GID named Hani Salaam and they had an agreement to help each other in finding Al-Saleem. But whatever agreement they have to each other, they are still bound to their responsibilities to their own countries. Hoffman was able to discover an Al-Saleem safe house and immediately contacted Ferris to check and watch the place closely. However, without Ferris’ permission, Hoffman conducted another operation which blew the whole safe house operation and ended up with Ferris bitten by dogs. It was this time when he met Aisha whom he eventually developed romantic interest. Another bombing was reported in Amsterdam which killed 75 people at the least. One of the men in the Al-Saleem safe house was recognized by Hani as Karami and compell ed him to become their asset in the Al Qaeda terrorist using his mother as Hani’s assurance for his cooperation. Hoffman wanted Karami to be interrogated by the CIA but Hani refuses to hand him over. Without the consent of both Hani and Ferris, Hoffman contacted Ferris’ new subordinate and instructed him to bring him Karami. Because of this, the safe house was blown and Ferris was blamed by Hani and instructed to leave Jordan. Hoffman and Ferris eventually thought that the only way to track Al-Saleem is to create another terrorist group that will threaten Al-Saleem’s ego and power. They planned and staged an attack and used a Jordanian architect named Omar Sadiki as the terrorist cell leader. But Ferris’ plan was made known to Al-Saleem when Sadiki was caught by his man and tortured. After which, Aisha was then kidnapped and while Ferris tried to recover her, he fell into the hands of Al-Saleem just across the border in Syria. He was interrogated and when he was about to be killed, Hani came to a rescue and Al-Saleem was arrested by the group. Hani admitted to Ferris that it was them who kidnapped Aisha to have a deal with Al-Saleem in exchange of Ferris. The movie ended with Ferris quitting the CIA and chose to stay in Jordan while leaving the audience the thought if he was going to reconcile with Aisha. The movie was not really about the politics or war but instead, the Body of Lies involved double-crosses and did not really have anything to say about the War on Terror. But this movie about Iraq war is something that offers good thriller standards. The movie offered moments of suspense but it offers more on how Ferris communicated with people and tries to gain information on the sought after terrorist Al-Saleem. In Markert’s (2011) book, the film Body of Lies belongs to the fictional features belatedly appear. According to Markert (2011), the films from 2001 to 2010 were mostly documentaries and films depicting villains suc h as Osama Bin Laden and revolving on the World Trade Center bombing. Several fictional films involving wars on Iraq and Afghanistan were made such as this film. However, this film did not involve Bin Laden or Hussein who were the favourite villains in the post-9/11 films.  

European human rights law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

European human rights law - Essay Example It is an individual's most essential political right and the essence of democracy. Freedom of expression is what makes it possible for even the most ordinary of citizens to make a political expression, even if that expression is against the state itself. It is this right that makes it possible for such an individual to hold an opinion that is different from the opinion of the majority. It is this freedom that gives people the power to protest inequality and oppression. From this freedom emanate all the other freedoms. In a democracy, probably the most important consequence of the freedom of expression is to compel governments to the dialogue table, and it is because of this that governments are forced to consider the opinions of people in its decision making. This works to the advantage of both people and the government - if indeed one can make a distinction between the two. People have the advantage of ensuring that all or most governmental decisions consider their opinion. In Europe freedom of expression is protected by article 10 (1) of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). "Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers" ("The European Convention on Human Rights"). Contrary to what some... And this freedom relates to the freedom of opinion, freedom of information, and the freedom to criticize. Freedom of Opinion and Information The first paragraph of Article 10 of the ECHR elucidates that freedom of expression shall include the "freedom to hold opinions and to receive information" ("The European Convention on Human Rights"). There is more to this freedom than one initially realizes. The freedom to hold opinions, among other things, also means spiritual freedom. This freedom includes the freedom to hold and report a belief. This belief can be critical or appreciative or merely judgmental. These beliefs or opinions can relate to philosophy, science, literature, politics, ethics and several such other aspects. This freedom applies as much to giving an opinion, as to receiving one. 3 Freedom of expression includes the freedom to information. This freedom applies to receiving information, as it does to the dissemination of information. This freedom is an offshoot of the freedom to opinion. Yet another off-shoot of the freedom to express opinions is the freedom of criticism. This is a significant aspect of the freedom of expression as it gives even people in the minority the right to hold and express views that are not in consonance with the majority. This Freedom is Not Unconditional The freedom of expression is however not a platform for unfettered individual and institutional will. There are conditions. The freedoms guaranteed under Article 10 of the ECHR carry with them "certain duties and responsibilities". Exercise of this freedom must be within the parameters of certain procedures, conditions, controls and rules of infraction. These parameters are laid down by law in the wider interests of the

Models of Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Models of Economics - Research Paper Example Its main thoughts are that; free markets are better situated to allocate the scarce resources in any economy; minimum government or state intervention in the economy is important and works best (Pindyck & Rubinfeld, 1981). It contends that the supply of money ought to be maintained at equilibrium with money demand. This prevents distortion of the economy through increased money supply, which leads to various evils such as inflation, and excess demand that is not be met by the available supply. Socialism is an economic system that lies between capitalism and communism. It seeks to redistribute the wealth more equitably through the common ownership of natural resources and key industries such as public utilities and manufacturing industries. The state involves itself in central planning. Production of goods and provision of services, including their prices and distribution is centrally controlled (Pindyck & Rubinfeld, 1981). This economic model puts emphasis on improving developing nations’ economies. This economic model focuses on ways to stimulate growth in those countries through enhancing aspects such as education, health, working conditions, market and improving both international and domestic policies and systems. Their focus is to figure out how developing/poor countries would be changed into thriving ones (Pindyck & Rubinfeld, 1981). Since political and social circumstances of various countries vary substantially, tactics for turning a poor nation are usually unique and country specific. For example, the government strives to maintain the economy at equilibrium by either controlling or sharing of natural and state resources or controlling money supply in order to avoid economic distortion through increased money supply. John Keynes’ economic theory is applicable in many economies in the world since it was first developed. Keynes advocated for the regulation of economies using controlled money supply and

The rate of reaction Essay Example for Free

The rate of reaction Essay The experiment will end when I take the third reading of 30cmisodium thiosulphate solution, 20cmi water. The safety goggles are the most important aspect of the experiment, as it is crucial to maintain a high standard of safety when working with corrosive chemicals. Diagram: Graph to show predicted appearance of results Method and Results I carried the experimental investigation as stated in the Plan section, under Experimental Procedure. Having gained satisfactory results, I have arranged them in a table. Table of Results cmi of Na2S3O2 Time taken (seconds) Mean results solution 1 2 3 (average). To draw my graph, I used the reciprocal function on my calculator on each of the averages, to gain a number that can be used to draw up a graph to show direct proportionality between 1/Average Time taken and concentration of sodium thiosulphate. Conclusion In terms of drawing a conclusion from my results, I can say that they compliment my prediction, as shown by the similarity in my prediction graph (a straight declining line), and also generally in the description of inverse proportionality. As anticipated, inverse proportionality is shown between the concentration of sodium thiosulphate and the time taken for the solution to turn opaque. Na2S2O3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + S + H20 + S02 Scientific Explanation As the hydrochloric acid particles and the sodium thiosulphate particles collide into each other solid sulphur is given off and gives the solution a yellowish tinge. After a while this sulphur builds up and clouds the solution to the point when the cross beneath becomes cloaked. The particle collision theory states that the more of a particular chemical there is present in a solution (in my case sodium thiosulphate) then the more it will collide with the other particles (the particles that concern my experiment are the hydrochloric acids). Therefore, if a 100% concentrated solution of sodium thiosulphate is added to a solution of hydrochloric acid, all the particles will collide more often, and the reaction will occur quicker than a 60% sodium thiosulphate 40% water solution, because the 40% water has replaced what used to be sodium thiosulphate, thus reducing the speed of the reaction. Another point to make is the time of the reaction increased rapidly towards the end of my results. Evaluation The results I have obtained were of quite a high general standard, however there were a few minor anomalies. One anomaly was the second result for 30cmi of sodium thiosulphate solution. Here is the extract from my table of results, with the anomaly shown in italics. 30 472 506 493 490 It stood out as being an abnormally long time taken, in comparison with the other two results, and also seen in the effect on the graph of results it has. This could be for a number of reasons. Firstly, going back to the planning section, there is the issue of temperature control, which was left aside despite being recognised as an influencing variable. If left uncontrolled then chances are that anomalies like the above will occur. I have decided not to ignore this result because the unconformity is only slight Also, the slight inconsistencies between each group of three results are also down to the fluctuating room temperature. These errors however, are only slight and therefore are not to be worried about in terms of being insufficient for drawing solid conclusions. I still believe my results to be reliable, as they average out quite impressively. There are minor differences in each of the sets of three readings that were bound to occur due to uncontrolled temperature. The differences are merely fractional, and the averages worked out give a very clear picture of ideal results. There were bound to be the odd fluctuation in the length of time for the solution to turn opaque because of human error. Every time it is myself that judges when the solution has turned sufficiently opaque and I stop the watch systematically. Because my reflexes are not perfect it may seem like one measurement was longer than another, when it was only my slow reactions that distorted the result slightly. The particle collisions theory may also be to blame because if the region of the solution directly above the cross X had a larger amount of collisions, just by chance, then the reaction time would be quicker than average. I would suggest that in further experiments, the variable of heat be included, and the pair who carries out the investigation work as a team and play different roles in the experiment. One of them should time the reaction as I did, and the other should keep the temperature as constant as possible. That way anomalous results will be almost entirely eradicated. The other two issues of human reflexes and of chance of areas of collision are unfortunately uncontrollable. Some kind of computer will surely be able to judge when a solution has turned opaque better than a human being. To test my conclusion, I would suggest doing a similar investigation, but with magnesium strips instead of sodium thiosulphate. It will be easier to judge reaction time because one would only have to stop the watch upon seeing the magnesium completely dissolve. Also using magnesium in an experiment is a lot simpler and cheaper than using sodium thiosulphate. 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Comparing two war poems written by Wilfred Owen: Dulce et decorum Est E

Comparing two war poems written by Wilfred Owen: Dulce et decorum Est and Anthem for Doomed Youth. In this essay I will be comparing two war poems written by Wilfred Owen: ‘Dulce et decorum Est’ and ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’. By comparing the two I will be able to distinguish the fact that Wilfred Owen is very anti-propaganda and why he feels so strongly about this. The two poems have many similarities but also a fair amount of differences, which I will be discussing in this essay. The two poems have a strongly anti war message and in both the victims of war are the young men who’s lives are wasted. ‘Dulce et decorum Est’ uses the description of a gas attack to show how horrific the reality of war is. Owen describes the victim with, ‘The white eyes writhing in his face†¦the blood†¦gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs.’ The physical horror of this helps to shape his message. It is addressed to the propaganda poet Jessie Pope and tells her that it is a lie to say that it is sweet and honorable to die for one’s country. A similar message in ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ describes the slaughtered young men who ‘die as cattle’. Owen expresses his anger in a set of contrasts between a real funeral and the lack of a funeral for these young men. For example, instead of a service with a choir, they only have ‘the shrill demented choirs of wailing shells’. As you would expect, the tone and mood of both poems is deeply serious as Owen has a strong message in both of them. However, they are different. ‘Dulce et decorum Est’ expresses a great deal of horror and anger. The horror is set aside for the terrible pain and terror of the gas attack, not only for the victim but also for the poet. He writes, ‘In a... ...ack, making a strong message to contradict the vague, Latin phrase about how sweet it is to die for your country. In ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ Owen develops a singe image, the idea of the funeral ceremony for the dead. The first line asks about the ‘passing bells’ and the rest of the octave describes the various sounds of war, which are substituted for the funeral bells. This includes the ‘monstrous anger of guns’, the rattling of the riffles and the wailing of the shells. The sestet begins by asking where are the candles for the funeral service but goes on to tell us that ‘holy glimmers of goodbyes’ in the eyes of the boy soldiers will have to instead. The funeral cloth placed over the coffin is replaced by ‘the pallor of girls brows’. Instead of flowers, they have ‘the tenderness of patient minds’. All the images are based on the original comparison.

jane pittman :: essays research papers

Jane Pittman was born into slavery on a plantation in Louisiana. In the past, Jane’s slave name was â€Å"Ticey.† Jane grew up without parents because her mother died when she was still young and she knew little about her father. As a preteen, Jane worked in a large house, caring for white children. On a scorching day near the end of the war, exhausted confederate soldiers paid a visit, followed soon after by Union soldiers. As Jane was serving the soldiers water, a Union soldier, Corporal Brown, told Jane that she will soon be free and can then visit him in Ohio. He tells her to change her slave name to â€Å"Jane.† The changing of her name symbolized a changing of lifestyle; no longer would she be recognized as a slave, but as an actual human-being with an identity of her own. The owner of the slaves on the plantation freed them all, including Jane. Jane and the freed slaves left the plantation. They’re destination was undecided, but a woman named Big L aura lead the group. Jane thought about going to Ohio to find Corporal Brown. While sleeping in a farm house, the Ku Klux Klan barged in and killed everyone, except for Jane and a young boy named Ned. Ned happened to be the son of Big Laura. Jane and Ned continued on their own, heading towards Ohio. They met a few people on their trip who had some sympathy for blacks. They always told Jane that Ohio was too far, and that she should go back to the plantation. Jane and Ned became exhausted from their long journey. One day, a white man named Job gave Jane and Ned a lift and allowed them to rest at his house, even though his wife disagreed with how her husband treated blacks hospitably. The next day, he took them to a plantation managed by Mr. Bone. Mr. Bone offered Jane a job, but believed her to be incapable of handling the work; however, Jane convinces Mr. Bone that she is capable of handling the work and he agrees to pay her six dollars a month, minus the fifty cents that went toward Ned's education. Later, the original owner of the plantation, Colonel Dye, buys back the plantation with the money he borrowed from the Yankees. Many black people began fleeing the south when they saw that their conditions were worsening.

Alcohol Abuse is dangerous for Everybody Essay

It is well known that alcohol abuse turns into a serious problem in our society because of several facts. More and more people, especially young people, drink a lot of alcohol; as a result, they don’t know when they have to stop and the alcohol use turns into an alcohol abuse. The question, which I ask myself, is: How is it possible that alcohol turns into a serious problem in our generation and which are the flash points? First of all, in every country are different age limits when people are allowed to consume alcohol. Some countries allow drinking beer and wine at the age of sixteen and all other alcoholic beverages at the age of eighteen. As an example in Switzerland, where I come from, the law allows us to start drinking at the mentioned ages. So Swiss people learn to deal with alcohol, everywhere in life, at a young age. Also, we are allowed to drink, so we get to know our limits faster. As you can see there is no allure to do something illegal by drinking alcohol with sixteen because it is allowed. In this way, we don’t drink to be cool; it is just all the time a part of parties, nice dinners or other special times in our life. Of course everybody has a story when we didn’t know when we had to stop drinking, but that happens to everybody and is a part of the process in learning to deal with alcohol in life. Even if we know it, we do sometimes abuse alcohol. Whereas, in the United States of America you aren’t allowed to drink alcohol till you are twenty-one. The law allows you to drive a car with sixteen, but not to drink alcohol. What I see all the time here is that people under twenty-one uses every chance to drink alcohol. If there is alcohol at a party, they use the chance and drink as much as they can in a very short amount of time. Just because they can drink alcohol illegal and this seems to be very exciting young people do it. At first they feel still okay, maybe a little bit dizzy, but after a certain time, they are completely passed out. As you can see most of them have no idea which effects alcohol have and just drink without thinking about it. Finally, they often exceed their own limits without knowing it. But because they’ve never learned to deal with alcohol, Americans do a lot of not willing alcohol abuse. This alcohol abuse can cause different bad effects in our lives. As a beginning, more and more people drink too much alcohol and then drive in their cars. People have accidents on the road caused by â€Å"drink and drive†. It is not familiar to everyone that a lot of people die in car accidents. It can be a friend, a family member or just a stranger, but it doesn’t matter who died, it just matters that you took the life of somebody. Another effect is that you may have drunk so much that you have to go to the hospital and they will pumping-out your stomach. And this is in no way healthy for your body! People can get angry and aggressive if they had drunk to much alcohol. As a result, they start to fight with no reason or get mad at others just because they feel another way when they drunk too much. Also, you can get in big trouble with the police after all these effects, which doesn’t look nice in your report. Another thing is you have to keep in mind that you don’t just endanger yourself, you endanger all people around you too. Even if you drive drunk or if you turn to another personality, when you get drunk, you may disarrange others and get them in trouble. Maybe you have to think about the people around you too. For example, if you are passed out, there are always people who care about you, so they will take care of you in such situations. And to disarrange people isn’t always what you want and you will regret it for sure the next day. As a conclusion, everybody in our society knows that alcohol is no longer just something to drink, which all of us enjoy because of a nice occasion. Alcohol gets more and more really dangerous for our society. However, some people do alcohol abuse and at the moment they do it, they never think about the consequences in their life caused by this abuse. But there are really bad consequences and they are not good for everyone. Our society has to think about this problem and try to do something against it, avoid it!

amadames essays

amadames essays The main actors and their characters they played are: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Tom Hulce Antonio Salieri Murray Abraham Mozarts dad Roy Dotrice Mozarts wife Elizabeth Berridde Emperor Joseph II Jeffery Jones The movie Amadeus was based on two composers, Mozart and Salieri. In the begging of the movie Salieri tries to commit suiside. A priest comes to see Salieri to ask him if he has anything to confess. Salieri then begins to unravel the story of Mozart and Salieris life together. Mozart has been a great composer since he was four years old. Salieri on the other hand not as good and would never be as good as Mozart. In the movie you can see how jealous Salieri is of Mozart. Salieris father was against him playing music, and on the other end Mozarts father praised it and insisted on it. Salieri wanted to play music more than anything in the world. One day while in church, Salieri asks God to let him be a great composer and in return he would give him his chastity and write for God. The next day Salieris father died and this was a miracle in Salieris eyes. His family had to go to Vienna where Salieri then became discovered. Salieri worked his way up to the courts and was the Emperors composer. Mozart was to perform for the Emperor, when Salieri got news of this he grew anxious to meet the great composer. He wanted to see what this marvelous composer looked like with all the talent he possessed. The story then goes on about Mozart composing operas and pieces for the Emperor. More and more Salieri was growing to hate Mozart, because he was not as good and realized he would never be. In the middle of the movie Mozart finds out that his father has died. This slowly kills Mozart, he cant write, he drinks more and more, and his relationship with his wife is suffering. Salieri see...

Chico, Muchacho, and Other Spanish Words for Children

Chico, Muchacho, and Other Spanish Words for Children Chico, muchacho, nià ±o - and their feminine equivalents, chica, muchacha, and nià ±a - and just a few of the words you can use in Spanish to refer to children. But they arent all used in the same way. In most cases, youre safe to use any of the above words to refer to boys and girls. However, in some cases they can have more specialized uses. Using Chico and Chica As a general adjective, chico is simply a word for small, especially when referring to something that is smaller than other beings or things of its type. When it becomes a noun referring to people, however, it usually refers to someone of a young age rather than someone of short stature. The age of children used for chico and chica varies somewhat with region. However, it is often used as a term of affection for people other than children. For example, in Cuba it frequently is used to address friends, something like hey dude or buddy might be in American slang. It is also very common to use chica when referring to young, single women, especially ones in which men might be interested in for romantic purposes - something like the equivalent of babe. To a lesser extent, chico can fulfill a similar role. Similarly, the two terms commonly are used for girlfriend and boyfriend, respectively. The main characters in a movie, TV show or novel are often referred to as chico or chica, especially if they are young and attractive. Using Muchacho and Muchacha When referring to adolescents or teenagers, muchacho/a can usually be used interchangeably with chico/a. In most areas it isnt used often when referring to younger children. Muchacho/a can also be used to refer to a young servant or maid. Using Nià ±o and Nià ±a Nià ±o and nià ±a are more general and sometimes slightly more formal words for children. Their use might be preferred in situations where wed talk about a child in English rather than a boy or girl. For example, a school handout might say something such as Cada nià ±o debe leer un libro por mes for Each child should read one book per month. (Following the Spanish rule of gender, nià ±os can refer to a mixed group of boys and girls, not necessarily just boys. In sentences such as the above, the context suggests that cada nià ±o refers to each child, not necessarily just each boy.) Nià ±o is also used in situations where the speaker is referring to young age or inexperience in general. For example, a child soldier is a nià ±o soldado, and a street child is a nià ±o/a de la calle. Similarly, someone who is worse than a child is peor que un nià ±o - words such as chico and muchacho wouldnt work well in that context. Other Words Referring to Children Other words for talking about children include: Hijo and hija refer specifically to a son or daughter, respectively. Nià ±o/a can also be used with the same meaning if the context is clear.Criatura, a cognate of creature, is sometimes used an affectionate term. For example,  ¡Quà © criatura hermosa! might be translated loosely as What a beautiful little angel! Note that criatura is always feminine, even if it refers to a boy.Descendiente can be used as a replacement for hijo or hija; it is used much more than the English descendant. The word can be either masculine or feminine depending on whether it refers to a son or daughter. It can also refer to descendants such as great-grandchildren.Bebà © is the most common word for baby. Note that it is always masculine, even when referring to a girl.